Dietetics for Nurses
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DIETETICS FOR NURSES
PREFACE TO SECOND REVISED EDITION
PREFACE TO FIRST EDITION
CONTENTS
APPENDIX
SECTION I FOOD AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE
CHAPTER I FOOD
COMPOSITION OF THE FOODSTUFFS
THE INDIVIDUAL FOODSTUFFS AND VITAMINE FACTORS
CARBOHYDRATES
FATS
PROTEINS
WATER
MINERAL SALTS
VITAMINES
SUMMARY
PROBLEMS
FOOTNOTES:
CHAPTER II THE FUEL VALUE OF FOOD
EFFECT OF HEAT AND COLD UPON THE FOODSTUFFS
PROBLEMS
FOOTNOTES:
CHAPTER III THE FOOD REQUIREMENTS OF THE BODY
FACTORS DETERMINING THE FOOD REQUIREMENTS OF THE BODY
Food Allowances for Healthy Children[23]
Calories per Pound of Body Weight per Day.[24]
Average Rate of Gain per Week, for Normal Children
Food Allowances for Healthy Children[23]
Calories per Pound of Body Weight per Day.[24]
Average Rate of Gain per Week, for Normal Children
PROTEIN REQUIREMENTS
MINERAL REQUIREMENTS
The Diet of a Child Should Contain for Every 1000 Calories Furnished by the Foodstuffs,
The Diet Each Day Should Contain:
The Diet of a Child Should Contain for Every 1000 Calories Furnished by the Foodstuffs,
The Diet Each Day Should Contain:
PROBLEMS
FOOTNOTES:
SECTION II LABORATORY OR DIET KITCHEN WORK
CHAPTER IV METHODS OF FEEDING IN NORMAL AND ABNORMAL CONDITIONS
SPECIAL DIETS
THE TRAY
ADULTERATION OF FOOD
METHODS USED IN THE PREPARATION OF FOOD
Time-Table
Time-Table
CARE OF ICE-BOX AND CONTENTS
RULES GOVERNING SELECTION OF FOOD
THE CARE OF FOODS AND UTENSILS
METRIC MEASURE
Units of Weight
Household Weights and Measures
Percentage Calculation
Units of Weight
Household Weights and Measures
Percentage Calculation
THERMOMETRY
FOOTNOTE:
CHAPTER V FOOD MATERIALS AND THEIR PREPARATION
Albuminized Milk
Albuminized Milk Shake
Milk and Ginger Ale (or Sarsaparilla)
Milk Punch
Peptonized Milk
Peptonized Milk Punch
Buttermilk (Bulgarian)
Cocoa
Plain Junket
Junket Ice Cream
Plain Vanilla, Lemon, or Almond Ice Cream with or without Egg White[39]
Frozen Custard
Lactone Buttermilk
Malted Milk (1)
Malted Milk (2)
Malted Milk Chocolate or Cocoa
Albuminized Milk Shake
Milk and Ginger Ale (or Sarsaparilla)
Milk Punch
Peptonized Milk
Peptonized Milk Punch
Buttermilk (Bulgarian)
Cocoa
Plain Junket
Junket Ice Cream
Plain Vanilla, Lemon, or Almond Ice Cream with or without Egg White[39]
Frozen Custard
Lactone Buttermilk
Malted Milk (1)
Malted Milk (2)
Malted Milk Chocolate or Cocoa
Milk or Cream Soups
Milk or Cream Sauce for Soups
Cream of Asparagus (1)
Cream of Asparagus (2)
Cream of Potato
Cream of Spinach, Celery, Peas or Carrots
Oyster Soup
Milk or Cream Sauce for Soups
Cream of Asparagus (1)
Cream of Asparagus (2)
Cream of Potato
Cream of Spinach, Celery, Peas or Carrots
Oyster Soup
Eggs
Fruit Beverages
Orangeade
Albuminized Orangeade
Albuminized Lemonade
Pineappleade
Albuminized Grape Juice
Egg White and Mint
Cream, Egg and Vichy
Coffee
Plain Eggnog
Coffee Eggnog
Panopepton or Liquid Peptonoid Eggnog
Malted Milk Eggnog
Foamy Omelet
Coddled Eggs
Soft-Cooked Eggs
Poached Eggs
Creamed Egg on Toast
Egg Nest
Soft Custard
Baked Custard
Caramel Custard
Floating Island
Orangeade
Albuminized Orangeade
Albuminized Lemonade
Pineappleade
Albuminized Grape Juice
Egg White and Mint
Cream, Egg and Vichy
Coffee
Plain Eggnog
Coffee Eggnog
Panopepton or Liquid Peptonoid Eggnog
Malted Milk Eggnog
Foamy Omelet
Coddled Eggs
Soft-Cooked Eggs
Poached Eggs
Creamed Egg on Toast
Egg Nest
Soft Custard
Baked Custard
Caramel Custard
Floating Island
Cereals and Breadstuffs
Corn Meal Gruel
Farina
Rice (1)
Rice (2)
Milk Toast
Cream Toast
Wine Panada
Oatmeal Cookies
Baked Tapioca
Orange Tapioca
Apple Tapioca
Brown Betty
Corn Meal Gruel
Farina
Rice (1)
Rice (2)
Milk Toast
Cream Toast
Wine Panada
Oatmeal Cookies
Baked Tapioca
Orange Tapioca
Apple Tapioca
Brown Betty
Starchy Desserts
Rice Custard
Orange Rice Custard
Snow-Balls
Tapioca Custard
Sponge Pudding
Sunshine Cake
Angel Food Cake
Cereal Pudding
Rice Custard
Orange Rice Custard
Snow-Balls
Tapioca Custard
Sponge Pudding
Sunshine Cake
Angel Food Cake
Cereal Pudding
Sauces for Puddings
Foamy Sauce
Wine or Fruit Sauce
Hard Sauce
Foamy Sauce
Sauce for Puddings
Foamy Sauce
Wine or Fruit Sauce
Hard Sauce
Foamy Sauce
Sauce for Puddings
Meats
Beef, Lamb, Veal, Poultry, Fish and Shellfish
TABLE
Cuts of Lamb and Mutton
Beef, Lamb, Veal, Poultry, Fish and Shellfish
TABLE
Cuts of Lamb and Mutton
Broths and Soups
Standard Broth Beef, Veal, Mutton, or Chicken
Clam or Oyster Broth
Clam Broth
Beef Juice
Chicken Jelly
Calf’s-foot Jelly
Broiled Quail or Squab
Birds à la Bain-Marie
Chicken (one-half)
Roast Chicken, Turkey or Duck
Sweetbreads
Broiled Oysters
Beefsteak
Lamb or Mutton Chops
Veal Cutlets
Bacon (1 Slice)
Standard Broth Beef, Veal, Mutton, or Chicken
Clam or Oyster Broth
Clam Broth
Beef Juice
Chicken Jelly
Calf’s-foot Jelly
Broiled Quail or Squab
Birds à la Bain-Marie
Chicken (one-half)
Roast Chicken, Turkey or Duck
Sweetbreads
Broiled Oysters
Beefsteak
Lamb or Mutton Chops
Veal Cutlets
Bacon (1 Slice)
Fish
Fish Steaks, Stuffed with Oysters
Lobster or Crab
Hollandaise Sauce
Fish Steaks, Stuffed with Oysters
Lobster or Crab
Hollandaise Sauce
Vegetables and Fruits
Peas
String Beans
Spinach
Carrots (with Cream Sauce or Butter)
Baked Potato (White)
Creamed Potato
Potato Stuffed with Meat
Scalloped Potatoes
Peas
String Beans
Spinach
Carrots (with Cream Sauce or Butter)
Baked Potato (White)
Creamed Potato
Potato Stuffed with Meat
Scalloped Potatoes
Vegetable and Fruit Salads
Cucumber
Tomato (No. 1)
Tomato (No. 2)
Fruit Salad (No. 1)
Fruit Salad (No. 2)
Tomato Jelly
Whole Tomato Stuffed with Rice
Broiled Tomatoes
Stewed Tomatoes on Toast
French Dressing
Mayonnaise Dressing
Cucumber
Tomato (No. 1)
Tomato (No. 2)
Fruit Salad (No. 1)
Fruit Salad (No. 2)
Tomato Jelly
Whole Tomato Stuffed with Rice
Broiled Tomatoes
Stewed Tomatoes on Toast
French Dressing
Mayonnaise Dressing
Gelatin Jellies
Lemon Jelly
Orange Jelly
Grape Juice Jelly
Wine Jelly
Lemon Jelly
Orange Jelly
Grape Juice Jelly
Wine Jelly
Water Ices
Lemon
Orange
Grape Juice
Method of Mixture
Apricot
Strawberry and Raspberry
Currant
Lemon Cream, or Milk Sherbet
Lemon
Orange
Grape Juice
Method of Mixture
Apricot
Strawberry and Raspberry
Currant
Lemon Cream, or Milk Sherbet
Miscellaneous Desserts
Nut Charlotte
Orange Charlotte
Snow Pudding
Prune or Prune Fig Whip
Nut Charlotte
Orange Charlotte
Snow Pudding
Prune or Prune Fig Whip
FOOTNOTES:
CHAPTER VI INFANT FOODS AND FORMULAS USED IN ABNORMAL CONDITIONS
Formulas Used In Feeding Infants
Whey
Barley Water
Oat Water
Albumen Water with Brandy
Beef Juice
Malt Soup
Buttermilk Mixture for Infants
Eiweissmilch[45] (Protein or Albumen Milk)
Whey
Barley Water
Oat Water
Albumen Water with Brandy
Beef Juice
Malt Soup
Buttermilk Mixture for Infants
Eiweissmilch[45] (Protein or Albumen Milk)
FORMULAS USED IN DIET FOR CONSTIPATION
Prunes and Figs
Conserve
Bran Gems (No. 1)
Bran Gems (No. 2)
Bran Biscuits
Bran Cookies
Prunes and Figs
Conserve
Bran Gems (No. 1)
Bran Gems (No. 2)
Bran Biscuits
Bran Cookies
Nutrient Enemas[46]
No. 1. Milk and Egg
No. 2
No. 3
No. 4. Singer’s Enema
No. 5. Boas’ Enema
No. 6
No. 7. Milk and Starch Enema—Von Leube
Malted Milk Enema
Normal Saline Solution
No. 1. Milk and Egg
No. 2
No. 3
No. 4. Singer’s Enema
No. 5. Boas’ Enema
No. 6
No. 7. Milk and Starch Enema—Von Leube
Malted Milk Enema
Normal Saline Solution
Formulas Used in Diabetes[47]
* Bran Agar Wafers
* Agar Jelly
* Spinach and Egg Salad
* Mayonnaise Dressing
Cellu Bran Crackers
** Olmsted Brancakes
** Soya Manna Muffins
** Noodle Soup
** Chicken Supreme
** Salisbury Steak
** Veal Bird
** Salmon Molded
** Cabbage Soufflé
** Celery Ramekins
** Baked Onion
** Squash Pie
** Spice Cookies
Cream of Cauliflower
Tomato Bisque
Spinach Soup
Vegetables
Boiled Corned Beef With Cabbage and Other Vegetables[48]
Parsley Butter
Neufchâtel Cheese Salad
Cheese Salad
Tuna Fish Salad
Egg Salad
Tomato Aspic
* Bran Agar Wafers
* Agar Jelly
* Spinach and Egg Salad
* Mayonnaise Dressing
Cellu Bran Crackers
** Olmsted Brancakes
** Soya Manna Muffins
** Noodle Soup
** Chicken Supreme
** Salisbury Steak
** Veal Bird
** Salmon Molded
** Cabbage Soufflé
** Celery Ramekins
** Baked Onion
** Squash Pie
** Spice Cookies
Cream of Cauliflower
Tomato Bisque
Spinach Soup
Vegetables
Boiled Corned Beef With Cabbage and Other Vegetables[48]
Parsley Butter
Neufchâtel Cheese Salad
Cheese Salad
Tuna Fish Salad
Egg Salad
Tomato Aspic
Bread Substitutes
Bran Biscuits, or Muffins
Diabetes Muffins[49]
Lister Muffins
Bran Biscuits for Constipation
Casoid Flour and Bran Muffins
Lister Flour and Bran Muffins, or Biscuits
Soya Meal and Bran Muffins[50]
Almond Biscuits
Cocoanut Flour
Cocoanut Biscuits
Spanish Cream
Lister Cream Puff
Custard
Snow Pudding
Bran Biscuits, or Muffins
Diabetes Muffins[49]
Lister Muffins
Bran Biscuits for Constipation
Casoid Flour and Bran Muffins
Lister Flour and Bran Muffins, or Biscuits
Soya Meal and Bran Muffins[50]
Almond Biscuits
Cocoanut Flour
Cocoanut Biscuits
Spanish Cream
Lister Cream Puff
Custard
Snow Pudding
Jellies
Lemon
Irish Moss Pudding
Orange
Wine
Method for Fruit Jellies
Wine Jelly
Lemon
Irish Moss Pudding
Orange
Wine
Method for Fruit Jellies
Wine Jelly
Ices
Lemon
Orange
Ice Cream
Nut Charlotte
Orange Charlotte
Lemon
Orange
Ice Cream
Nut Charlotte
Orange Charlotte
FOOTNOTES:
SECTION III THE HUMAN MACHINE
CHAPTER VII THE HUMAN BODY
TABLE OF ENZYMES[54]
Source and Action of Enzymes
Source and Action of Enzymes
DIGESTION (CHEMICAL)
ABSORPTION IN THE LARGE INTESTINES
PROBLEMS
FOOTNOTES:
SECTION IV DIETO-THERAPY
CHAPTER VIII PREGNANCY AND LACTATION
DIET IN LACTATION
SUMMARY
LACTATION
PROBLEMS
FOOTNOTE:
CHAPTER IX INFANT FEEDING
TABLE
NORMAL INFANT FEEDING
TABLE
TABLE
SCHEME FOR FEEDING NORMAL INFANTS
Whole Milk Method
Whole Milk Method
SCHEME 2
For Feeding Well Babies
Vegetable Soup
For Feeding Well Babies
Vegetable Soup
THE FEEDING OF PREMATURE INFANTS
PROPRIETARY FOODS
SUMMARY
PROBLEMS
FOOTNOTES:
CHAPTER X CARE AND FEEDING OF INFANTS AND CHILDREN IN ABNORMAL CONDITIONS AND IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES
DISEASES DUE TO ERRORS IN DIET
Modified Milk Formulas Suggested by Morse and Talbot for These Conditions
Modified Milk Formulas Suggested by Morse and Talbot for These Conditions
ENTEROCOLITIS
DIARRHEA
CONSTIPATION
SCURVY
RICKETS
MALNUTRITION
SUMMARY
SCARLET FEVER
DIPHTHERIA
WHOOPING COUGH
MEASLES
SUMMARY
PROBLEMS
FOOTNOTES:
CHAPTER XI THE FEEDING OF ADULTS IN DISEASES OF THE GASTRO-INTESTINAL TRACT
ACUTE AND CHRONIC GASTRITIS
HYPOCHLORHYDRIA
HYPERCHLORHYDRIA
ACUTE GASTRITIS
CHRONIC GASTRITIS
GASTRIC ULCERATION
GASTRIC CANCER
SUMMARY FACTORS INDUCING GASTRIC DISTURBANCES
PROBLEMS
FOOTNOTES:
CHAPTER XII DISEASES OF THE INTESTINAL TRACT
ACUTE AND CHRONIC DIARRHEA (CATARRH), ENTEROCOLITIS, DYSENTERY, CONSTIPATION, APPENDICITIS, CHRONIC CONSTIPATION, AUTO-INTOXICATION
ACUTE ENTERITIS (DIARRHEA)
CHRONIC ENTERITIS
ENTEROCOLITIS
ACUTE DYSENTERY
CHRONIC DYSENTERY
APPENDICITIS
CHRONIC CONSTIPATION
AUTO-INTOXICATION
SUMMARY
DIARRHEA
ENTEROCOLITIS
DYSENTERY
APPENDICITIS
CHRONIC CONSTIPATION
DIARRHEA
ENTEROCOLITIS
DYSENTERY
APPENDICITIS
CHRONIC CONSTIPATION
PROBLEMS
FOOTNOTE:
CHAPTER XIII FEVERS IN GENERAL
SUMMARY
PROBLEMS
FOOTNOTE:
CHAPTER XIV TYPHOID FEVER
LIQUID DIET
SOFT OR SEMI-SOLID DIETS
Diet List Used in High Calorie Diets for Typhoid Fever
Diet List Used in High Calorie Diets for Typhoid Fever
SUMMARY
PROBLEMS
FOOTNOTES:
CHAPTER XV DISEASES OF THE RESPIRATORY TRACT
TUBERCULOSIS, PNEUMONIA, AND TONSILLITIS
TUBERCULOSIS
CHRONIC TUBERCULOSIS
PNEUMONIA
TONSILLITIS
SUMMARY
TUBERCULOSIS
PNEUMONIA
TONSILLITIS
TUBERCULOSIS
PNEUMONIA
TONSILLITIS
PROBLEM
FOOTNOTES:
CHAPTER XVI DIETETIC TREATMENT BEFORE AND AFTER OPERATION
PREOPERATIVE FEEDING
CONDITIONS REQUIRING SPECIAL DIETS
SUMMARY
PROBLEMS
FOOTNOTES:
CHAPTER XVII URINALYSIS
QUANTITATIVE TEST FOR SUGAR
Benedict’s Qualitative Solution
Fehling’s Solution
Haines’s Solution
Benedict’s (Quantitative) Solution
Benedict’s Qualitative Solution
Fehling’s Solution
Haines’s Solution
Benedict’s (Quantitative) Solution
TESTS FOR ALBUMEN
HELLER’S TEST FOR ALBUMEN
TEST FOR INDICAN
SUMMARY
PROBLEMS
FOOTNOTES:
CHAPTER XVIII ACUTE AND CHRONIC NEPHRITIS
Low Protein Diet[115]
Protein Free Diet
Widal’s Diet[120]
Protein Free Diet
Widal’s Diet[120]
HALPIN’S SALT-FREE NEPHRITIC DIET
KARELL CURE
CONVALESCENT NEPHRITIC DIET[122]
CHRONIC NEPHRITIS (BRIGHT’S DISEASE)
HEDINGER-SCHLAYER-MOSENTHAL DIET[129]
ADDED UREA AND SALT TEST
CHRONIC INTERSTITIAL NEPHRITIS
FULL NEPHRITIC DIET (NITROGENOUS FOODS RESTRICTED)
TABLE
Salt Content of Food[133]
Salt Content of Food[133]
SUMMARY
PROBLEMS
FOOTNOTES:
CHAPTER XIX DISEASES OF THE HEART
SUMMARY
PROBLEMS
FOOTNOTES:
CHAPTER XX DIABETES MELLITUS
Diabetic Test Diets[139]
Diabetic Diets[140]
Diabetic Diets[140]
FAST
SCHEDULE FOR TREATMENT AND METHODS OF DETERMINING FOOD TOLERANCES
TABLE[145] Strict Diet
TABLE[146]
TABLE[148]
TABLE[145] Strict Diet
TABLE[146]
TABLE[148]
CARBOHYDRATE-FREE MENUS
TABLE
TABLE
SUMMARY
PROBLEMS
FOOTNOTES:
CHAPTER XXI DISEASES OF THE LIVER
CIRRHOSIS OF THE LIVER
GALLSTONES
DAILY DIET SHEETS
SUMMARY
PROBLEMS
FOOTNOTE:
CHAPTER XXII GOUT, OBESITY, EMACIATION
OBESITY
OBESITY DIETS AND CURES
Reducing Diet for Obese Women[162]
Author’s Reducing Diet
Reducing Diet for Obese Women[162]
Author’s Reducing Diet
OBESITY MENUS
EMACIATION
Emaciation Diet Sheet
Emaciation Diet Sheet
SUMMARY
GOUT
OBESITY
EMACIATION
GOUT
OBESITY
EMACIATION
PROBLEMS
FOOTNOTES:
CHAPTER XXIII OTHER CONDITIONS MORE OR LESS AFFECTED BY DIET
PTOMAINE POISONING, ACIDOSIS AND PELLAGRA
PTOMAINE POISONING
ACIDOSIS
PELLAGRA
PTOMAINE POISONING
ACIDOSIS
PELLAGRA
SUMMARY
ACIDOSIS
PELLAGRA
ACIDOSIS
PELLAGRA
PROBLEMS
FOOTNOTE:
APPENDIX
TABLE I[165]
Edible Organic Nutrients and Fuel Values of Foods[166]
Edible Organic Nutrients and Fuel Values of Foods[166]
FOOTNOTES:
TABLE II[167]
Ash Constituents of Foods in Percentage of the Edible Portion
FOOTNOTES:
TABLE III
Showing 100-Calorie Portions of Some Common Foods—Together with Their Protein, Nitrogen, and Mineral Content[171]
FOOTNOTES:
TABLE IV
Composition and Fuel Value of Most of the Foods Used in the Invalid Dietary
FOOTNOTES:
TABLE V[177]
Vitamines in Foods
FOOTNOTE:
Heights and Weights for Children Under Five Years of Age
Height and Weight Table for Boys
About What a BOY Should Gain Each Month
Height and Weight Table for Girls
About What a GIRL Should Gain Each Month
Scale for Judging the State of Nutrition in Children, Prepared by Professor Pirquet[178]
FOOTNOTE:
THE NUTRITIONAL INDEX—THE “PELIDISI”
ADDENDA TO INDEX
INDEX
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